奥义书 Mahā 1.8

Mahā UpaniṣadMahā 1.8

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奥义书 · Mahā 1.8

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天城文

दक्षिणाभिमुखो भूत्वा महरितिव्याहृतिरानुष्टभ छन्दोऽथर्ववेदाः सोमो देवता सहस्रशीर्षं देवं सहस्राक्षं विश्वसम्भुवम् विश्वतः परमं नित्यं विश्वं नारायणं हरिम् विश्वमेवेदं पुरुषस्तद्विश्वमुपजीवति पतिं विश्वेश्वरं देवं समुद्रे विश्वरूपिणम् पद्मकोशप्रतीकाशं लम्बत्याकोशसंनिभम् हृदयं चाप्यधोमुखं सन्तत्यै सीत्कराभीश्च

转写 (IAST)

dakṣiṇābhimukho bhūtvā maharitivyāhṛtirānuṣṭabha chando'tharvavedāḥ somo devatā sahasraśīrṣaṃ devaṃ sahasrākṣaṃ viśvasambhuvam viśvataḥ paramaṃ nityaṃ viśvaṃ nārāyaṇaṃ harim viśvamevedaṃ puruṣastadviśvamupajīvati patiṃ viśveśvaraṃ devaṃ samudre viśvarūpiṇam padmakośapratīkāśaṃ lambatyākośasaṃnibham hṛdayaṃ cāpyadhomukhaṃ santatyai sītkarābhīśca

逐字释义

梵语IAST释义

दक्षिणाभिमुखः भूत्वाdakṣiṇābhimukhaḥ bhūtvāhaving turned his face to the south; facing toward the south

महः इति व्याहृतिःmahaḥ iti vyāhṛtiḥ“mahaḥ” — the utterance; the vyāhṛti “mahaḥ”

आनुष्टुभम् छन्दःānuṣṭubham chandaḥthe ānuṣṭubha metre; the metre ānuṣṭubha

अथर्ववेदः सोमः देवताatharvavedaḥ somaḥ devatāthe Atharva-veda, the deity Soma; the Atharva-veda, the god soma

सहस्रशीर्षम् देवम् सहस्राक्षम्sahasraśīrṣam devam sahasrākṣamthe thousand-headed God, thousand-eyed; the god of a thousand heads and a thousand eyes

विश्वसम्भुवम्viśvasambhuvamworking the good of the universe; giving welfare to the world

विश्वतः परमम् नित्यम्viśvataḥ paramam nityambeyond the universe, eternal; higher than all, imperishable

विश्वम् नारायणम् हरिम्viśvam nārāyaṇam harimthe universe, Nārāyaṇa, Hari; the universe, Nārāyaṇa, Hari

विश्वम् एव इदम् पुरुषःviśvam eva idam puruṣaḥall this universe is the Puruṣa; this universe is the Puruṣa indeed

तत् विश्वम् उपजीवतिtat viśvam upajīvatiby that the universe lives; by that the universe is alive

पतिम् विश्वेश्वरम् देवम्patim viśveśvaram devamthe lord, the all-ruling God; the master, the all-sovereign god

समुद्रे विश्वरूपिणम्samudre viśvarūpiṇamin the ocean, whose form is the universe; in the sea, whose shape is the whole world

पद्मकोशप्रतीकाशम्padmakośapratīkāśamlike the cup of a lotus; resembling the lotus calyx

हृदयम् च अपि अधोमुखम्hṛdayam ca api adhomukhamand the heart too, facing downward; and the heart with face turned down

译文

Having turned his face to the south: the utterance “mahaḥ”, the ānuṣṭubha metre, the Atharva-veda, the deity — Soma. The thousand-headed God, the thousand-eyed, working the good of the universe, beyond the universe, eternal — the universe, Nārāyaṇa, Hari. All this universe is the Puruṣa, and by it the universe lives; the lord, the all-ruling God, in the ocean, whose form is the whole world. Like the cup of a lotus, hanging down, the heart too, facing downward — for the continuation…

注释

The south — “mahaḥ”, the anuṣṭubh, the Atharva-veda, soma. The chart is finished: the four faces have spoken out the four Vedas.

Note that as the fourth utterance mahaḥ is named, not a third heaven. We examined this word in reading the fifteenth section of the Atharvaśiras: it stands apart, and the Taittirīya calls it the Brahman by which the first three grow.

And then, without any transition, verses begin — quite different in build.

“The thousand-headed God, the thousand-eyed” — this is the Puruṣa-sūkta, the most famous hymn of the Ṛg-veda. Only there the thousand-headed is called simply the Puruṣa, while here it is at once added: viśvaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ harim — “the universe, Nārāyaṇa, Hari”.

Here is the point. The ancient nameless Puruṣa is called by name.

These verses are familiar to everyone who has read the Nārāyaṇa-sūkta: they stand there too. And they end with the image toward which this book has moved the whole adhyāya: the lotus of the heart, hanging head downward.

We read the same in the ninth verse of the fourth chapter of the Brahma Upaniṣad. The unopened lotus looks downward; and there it is said that it is “the great receptacle of the universe”.

The next paragraph will enter inside this lotus.

版本

9c7d1972f25a · 发布于 2026年7月29日 06:29:20 UTC

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