Upaniṣads · Chāndogya 4,11.1
॥
Devanāgarī
अथ ह एनम् गार्हपत्यः अनुशशास पृथिवी अग्निः अन्नम् आदित्यः इति यः एषः आदित्ये पुरुषः दृश्यते सः अहम् अस्मि सः एव अहम् अस्मि इति
Transliteración (IAST)
atha ha enam gārhapatyaḥ anuśaśāsa pṛthivī agniḥ annam ādityaḥ iti yaḥ eṣaḥ āditye puruṣaḥ dṛśyate saḥ aham asmi saḥ eva aham asmi iti
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
अथathathereupon; then
हhaindeed; surely
एनम्enamit; of this
गार्हपत्यःgārhapatyaḥthe gārhapatya (the householder's fire, of gṛhapati; the hearth from which the other fires are kindled); the domestic sacrificial fire; the hearth of the head of the house
अनुशशासanuśaśāsahe instructed (anu + √śās); he taught; he imparted
पृथिवीpṛthivīthe earth; the earthly world
अग्निःagniḥfire; Agni
अन्नम्annamfood (anna — from √ad — 'to eat'); food; sustenance
आदित्यःādityaḥthe sun (Āditya, the son of Aditi); the solar deity; the luminary of day
इतिitithus; how
यःyaḥwho; the one who
एषःeṣaḥthis; he
आदित्येādityein the sun; in the solar disc; within the sun
पुरुषःpuruṣaḥthe puruṣa (puruṣa — 'the Man', the Person); the Person; the Man
दृश्यतेdṛśyateis seen (passive of √dṛś); is seen; is beheld
सःsaḥhe; that one
अहम्ahamI; I myself
अस्मिasmiI am; I am
सःsaḥhe; that one
एवevaindeed; surely
अहम्ahamI; I myself
अस्मिasmiI am; I am
इतिitithus; how
Traducción
Then the gārhapatya fire instructed him: "Earth, fire, food and the sun are my forms. The puruṣa who is seen in the sun — that is I; I am he."
Versión
f704388b9838 · publicado 26 jul 2026, 23:21:05 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
After the three fires' common lesson, each teaches separately, and first the gārhapatya, "the householder's fire", the family hearth burning without interruption, from which the others are kindled. Its elements are earthly: earth, fire, food and the sun that closes the circle (the sun grows the food, the food feeds life, the hearth cooks it). The household hearth is revealed as the knot in which heaven and bread are tied together.
But the summit of its confession is something else: "the puruṣa who is seen in the sun — that is I". The hearth-fire points not to itself but to the Puruṣa in the solar disc — the golden Man, hiraṇmayaḥ puruṣaḥ, whom the first chapter has already shown "with golden beard and golden hair, shining to the very tips of his nails" (Chāndogya 1.6.6). The modest domestic fire is the earthly aspect of that same Face; in worshipping the hearth a family unknowingly serves the Lord of the sun. The Gītā will say in the first person: "I am the fire of digestion in the bodies of the living" (BG 15.14) and "I am the light of the sun and the moon" (BG 7.8).
The threefold "I am he" from the mouth of a fire is not pantheism but a servant's testimony about his Master: the fire lives by his life and may therefore speak in his name, as an ambassador speaks in the name of a king.