Upaniṣads · Bṛhadāraṇyaka 3,9.4
॥
Devanāgarī
कतमे रुद्राः इति दश इमे पुरुषे प्राणाः आत्मा एकादशः ते यदा अस्मात् शरीरात् मर्त्यात् उत्क्रामन्ति अथ रोदयन्ति तत् यद् रोदयन्ति तस्मात् रुद्राः इति
Transliteración (IAST)
katame rudrāḥ iti daśa ime puruṣe prāṇāḥ ātmā ekādaśaḥ te yadā asmāt śarīrāt martyāt utkrāmanti atha rodayanti tat yad rodayanti tasmāt rudrāḥ iti
Palabra por palabra
SánscritoIASTSignificado
कतमेkatamewhich; those who
रुद्राःrudrāḥthe Rudras; the Rudra gods
इतिitithus; how
दशdaśaten; the tenfold
इमेimethese; these here
पुरुषेpuruṣein a man; in the puruṣa
प्राणाःprāṇāḥthe breaths (prāṇa, pl.); the vital forces; of the prāṇa
आत्माātmāthe self; the ātman
एकादशःekādaśaḥthe eleventh (ekādaśa); the eleventh; the eleventh
तेtethose; these
यदाyadāwhen; at the moment when
अस्मात्asmātfrom this; out of this
शरीरात्śarīrātfrom the body; out of the body
मर्त्यात्martyāta mortal; from a mortal
उत्क्रामन्तिutkrāmantithey go out (ud + √kram); go forth; go out
अथathathereupon; further
रोदयन्तिrodayantithey make people weep (from √rud, causative); they cause weeping; they make one weep
तत्tatthat; this
यद्yadwhen; that which
रोदयन्तिrodayantithey make people weep (from √rud, causative); they cause weeping; they make one weep
तस्मात्tasmāttherefore; for that reason
रुद्राःrudrāḥthe Rudras; the Rudra gods
इतिitithus; how
Traducción
"Who are the Rudras?" — "The ten breaths in a man, with the ātman as the eleventh. When they go out from this mortal body, they make people weep (rud); because they make people weep, they are the Rudras."
Versión
34157add3e07 · publicado 27 jul 2026, 1:05:26 UTC
Disponible enRUENPasa de verso en verso con
The eleven Rudras are found not in heaven but in a man: the ten vital powers with the ātman as the eleventh. And the etymology pierces: rud, "to weep" — when they leave the mortal body, the family weeps: there is their terribleness. The Rudras are that in us whose departure is mourned.
The thunderstorm is here reinterpreted as the grief of parting: the most fearful thing in the divine is not the wrath of heaven but the moment when life and its Master leave the body. Lamentation for the dead is the most ancient liturgy to the Rudras; and we have already heard the consolation from this same Upaniṣad: the departing breaths do not perish — the Eleventh leads them away (we saw that gathering in 3.2.11).